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AGIR - Buchbesprechung Johannes von Plano Carpini Kunde von den Mongolen 1245-47 - German
URL: http://www.reisegeschichte.de/lesen/buch/kundemongolen.htm

1245 beriet das Lyoneser Konzil über die nahenden Mongolen. Der von Papst Innozenz dorthin ausgesandte Franziskanermönch Carpini war genau genommen ein Spion, der systematisch einen Fragenkatalog über die tartari abarbeitete. Zu Pferd besuchte er das Lager Batus, des Herrn der Goldenen Horde, und dann den Großkhan im Innern der Mongolei. Erst im Herbst 1247 sah er Lyon wieder. Sein Bericht galt lange Zeit als »Handbuch der Mongolenabwehr«.

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JOHANNES de Plano Carpini - German
URL: http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/j/johannes_d_pla.shtml

Er begegnet zuerst 1221 unter den zur Mission nach Deutschland entsandten Minoriten, wirkte im Rheinland und Sachsen als Klostergründer und Organisator des Franziskanertums und leitete seit 1228 (unterbrochen nur durch eine Spanienreise 1230) die Ordensprovinzen Teutonia und dann Saxonia, auch über die deutschen Grenzen nach Norden und vor allem nach Osten ausgreifend. Papst Innozenz IV.

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John de Plano Carpini: Historia Mongolorum - English
URL: http://www.upf.es/materials/huma/xinamon/docums/mongdoc/carpini.htm

The Kitayans are pagans, and they have their own special writing; it is said that they also have an Old and New Testament; and they have lives of Fathers and hermits and buildings made like churches, in which they pray at stated times; and they say they have some saints. They worship one God, they honour Our Lord Jesus Christ, and they believe in eternal life, but they are not baptised. They show honour and respect to our Scriptures, they love Christians and give much in alms. They seem to be most affable and kindly men.

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Discoverers Web: Exploration in the Medieval period - English
URL: http://www.win.tue.nl/cs/fm/engels/discovery/medieval.html

The first few centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire have been called the 'dark ages', and at least from the point of view of the history of discovery this is not without reason. Not only were few if any new routes opened in this period, even the existing ones came in disuse. Trade between various regions of Europe became less. The first voyages to be made again, were pilgrimages, to Rome and the Holy Land. Later, but still well before the end of the first millennium, trade routes were renewed - first within the Mediterranean, later also on the Atlantic and Baltic.

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Description of Mongol warfare from Friar John of Plano Carpini - English
URL: http://www.deremilitari.org/carpini.htm

Following the capture of Russian territory and the devastating raids in Eastern Europe in 1240-1242, fear and trepidation could be found among the courts of many rulers in Europe. In 1245, Pope Innocent IV dispatched two Franciscans, Lawrence of Portugal and John of Plano Carpini, to travel to the Mongol, or 'Tartar' as the Christians called them, kingdom. This journey is recounted by Friar John in his work, History of the Mongols. The passages from this work given below are two chapters in which the Franciscan describes the ways the Mongols conduct war, as well as giving advice on how they could be successfully fought, in case they invaded Europe again.

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GIOVANNI DE PLANO CARPINI - English, Ukrainian
URL: http://www.rusyn-radio.dns2go.com/RADIO_TV_SITE/html_files/Djovani_de_Plano.htm

A Pope Innocent IV's envoy to Mongolia and Tartary, in his work, Liber Tartarorum, writes that while travelling in 1246 throughBohemia, he was advised by King Vaclav I to go into Tartary through Poland and Russia, meaning Rus.

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Äåëü Êàðïèíè Äæèîâàííè Ïëàíî - Russian
URL: http://www.zoohall.com.ua/findex.php?page=http://zoohall.com.ua/leftframes/ecolo

shown in filters: Personalia

(~1182 — 1252) — èòàëüÿíñêèé ìîíàõ-ôðàíöèñêàíåö, ñîâåðøèâøèé ïî ïîðó÷åíèþ ïàïû Èííîêåíòèÿ IV ïóòåøåñòâèå â çåìëè, çàõâà÷åííûå ìîíãîëî-òàòàðàìè äëÿ óñòàíîâëåíèÿ äèïëîìàòè÷åñêèõ îòíîøåíèé ñ ìîíãîëüñêèìè õàíàìè è îáðàçîâàíèÿ ñîþçà ïðîòèâ ìóñóëüìàí. Åãî îò÷åò î ïóòåøåñòâèè âïåðâûå ïîçíàêîìèë Åâðîïó ñ ìèðîì Âîñòîêà òåõ ëåò.

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