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Cardinal Richelieu: A Who2 Profile - English
URL: http://www.who2.com/cardinalrichelieu.html

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A bright child, du Plessis studied theology as a teen and at the young age of 21 was appointed Bishop of Lucon. In 1622 he was made a cardinal and from there rose to become head of the Royal Council and prime minister of France. King Louis XIII was a weak ruler and Richelieu filled the void, more or less running the empire via his advice to the king.

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Twenty Years After: The Shade of Cardinal Richelieu. - English
URL: http://www.hoboes.com/html/FireBlade/Dumas/Twenty/Twenty1.html

by Alexandre Dumas

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Cardinal de Richelieu - English
URL: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/cgi-bin/WebObjects.dll/CollectionPublisher.woa

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Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardinal and Duc de Richelieu (1585 - 1642), became a cardinal in 1622. He governed France as chief minister from 1624 until his death in 1642. This portrait is one of several variants of a full-length composition showing the minister in cardinal's robes and wearing the Order of the Saint-Esprit. For a prince of the Church to have himself portrayed standing like a secular prince was novel and was presumably intended to underline Richelieu's role as statesman.

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Cardinal Richelieu | Prime Minister of France - English
URL: http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95sep/richelieu.html

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Cardinal Richelieu was born Armand Jean du Plessis in Paris on September 9, 1585. He took the name Richelieu from the name of his family's estate. Armand was extremely intelligent and at the age of nine was sent to College de Navarre in Paris. In 1602, at age seventeen he began studying theology seriously. In 1606 he was appointed Bishop of Luзon, and in 1622 Pope Gregory made Richelieu a Cardinal.

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CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cardinal Richelieu - English
URL: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13047a.htm

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At first he intended to follow a military career, but when, in 1605, his brother Alfred resigned the Bishopric of Luзon and retired to the Grande Chartreuse, Richelieu obtained the see from Henry IV and withdrew to the country to take up his theological studies under the direction of Bishop Cospйan of Aire. He was consecrated bishop on 17 April, 1607; he was not yet twenty-two years old, although the Brief of Paul V dated 19 December, 1606, announcing his appointment contains the statement: "in vigesimo tertio aetatis anno tantum constitutus".

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Всемирная история - Ришелье Арман Жан дю Плесси - Russian
URL: http://www.world-history.ru/persons.phtml?Id_person=33

Французский государственный деятель, кардинал (с 1622). В 1642 возглавил королевский совет, став фактическим правителем Франции. Стремясь к укреплению абсолютизма, Ришельё отнял у гугенотов (фактически образовавших государство в государстве) Ла-Рошель (1628) и южные крепости (1629) и лишил их политических прав, предоставленных Нантским эдиктом 1598, но сохранил свободу вероисповедания и некоторые привилегии гугенотской буржуазии («Эдикт милости», 1629). В 1632 подавил феодальный мятеж в Лангедоке и казнил губернатора герцога Монморанси.

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РИШЕЛЬЕ - Russian
URL: http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/47/1004768/1004768a1.htm

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Полное имя и титул – Арман Жан дю Плесси, кардинал, герцог де Ришелье, прозванный «Красным кардиналом» (l'minence Rouge). Сын Франсуа дю Плесси, сеньора де Ришелье (не принадлежавшего, впрочем, к высшей знати), который выдвинулся при Генрихе III и стал великим прево, и Сюзанны де ла Порт, дочери члена парижского паламента (высшего судебного совета).

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Кардинал Ришелье - фактический глава Франции в годы правления Людовика ХIII | Всемирная история в лицах - Russian
URL: http://rulers.narod.ru/rishelie/richelie.htm

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Кардинал Ришелье - фактический глава Франции в годы правления Людовика ХIII

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Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal de (1585-1642) - French
URL: http://www.amitel.fr/vdepaul/richelieu.html

Cardinal et homme d'Йtat franзais, qui encouragea l'absolutisme en France en consolidant l'autoritй royale et posa les bases de la grandeur du royaume au XVIIe siиcle en poursuivant une politique йtrangиre conquйrante.

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