Sites

OTTOMAN WEB SITE - 700th Anniversary of the Ottoman Empire - KALDERA HOLDINGS LTD. / FORSNET - English
URL: http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/english/engindex.html

Sultans. Album. Events. Chronology.

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History of Macedonia - English
URL: http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/

Ancient Macedonia. Roman Macedonia. Ottoman Macedonia. Partitioned Macedonia. Independent Macedonia. Macedonian-Greek Conflict. Macedonian Minorities in Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, and Serbia. Macedonian Symbols. Albanian Terrorism.

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Turkish Crimes against Humanity - English
URL: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Cyprus/7758/

History of Anatolian genocide by Turks.

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History of the Ottomans and the Ottoman Empire - English
URL: http://www.turizm.net/turkey/history/ottoman.html

The Turks in the Islamic World before 1300

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The Ottomans: Table of Contents - English
URL: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/OTTOMAN/CONTENTS.HTM

The Ottomans. Origins. Suleyman. Selim II. The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. European Imperialism and the Balkan Crisis.

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The Ottoman Khilafa Homepage - English
URL: http://www.naqshbandi.org/ottomans/

The Ottoman dynasty was the longest lasting dynasty in the world - 641 years. In addition, the Ottoman Sultans had been Caliph of the Islamic world for 407 years; from 1516 when Selim Khan obtained the title, to 1924 when that dignity was abrogated. However, as both the Caliphacy and the sultanate ceased to function at times, it could be said that the Ottoman Caliphacy continued for 393 years, finishing at the point in time when Sultan Abdulhamid was dethroned. He had been the 98th Caliph (beginning with His Exalted Highness Abu Bakr).

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The Ottoman Sultans & Successors - English
URL: http://www.friesian.com/turkia.htm

The Sultânate of Rûm had been dormant for some years, failing even to capitalize on the victory of Myriocephalum (1176). After vassalage to the Mongols (1243), the domain finally disintegrated (1307). Meanwhile, however, the Turkish presence in Anatolia was actually invigorated with refugees from the Mongol advance.

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Bulgaria - a brief history outline - English
URL: http://www.digsys.bg/books/history/index.html

Describtion of Bulgarian history from year 681 to 1994: ottoman domination, Bulgarian national revival, initial accumulation of capital, etc. Information about slavs, thracians, proto-Bulgarian ethnos.

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The Ottoman Page - English
URL: http://ottoman.home.mindspring.com/

A collection of links & reccomended books.

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Turkey in Maps - English
URL: http://www.turkeyinmaps.com/

The 16th and 17th centuries, generally considered the "golden age" of Western map making, correspond to the height of Ottoman Empire. All the important map publishers of the time have included very decorative maps of Turkish Empire in their Atlases, often with cartouches depicting the cultural and territorial conflicts between Ottomans and their neighbouring European Nations.

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Russo-Turkish Wars - English
URL: http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0842746.html

The great eastward expansion of Russia in the 16th and 17th cent., during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, nevertheless left the shores of the Black Sea in the hands of the Ottoman sultans and their vassals, the khans of Crimea. The Russo-Turkish Wars were the result of Russian attempts to find an outlet on the Black Sea and—in later stages—to conquer the Caucasus, dominate the Balkan Peninsula, gain control of the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits, and retain access to world trade routes.

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Russo-Turkish Wars - English
URL: http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0842746.html

The great eastward expansion of Russia in the 16th and 17th cent., during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, nevertheless left the shores of the Black Sea in the hands of the Ottoman sultans and their vassals, the khans of Crimea. The Russo-Turkish Wars were the result of Russian attempts to find an outlet on the Black Sea and—in later stages—to conquer the Caucasus, dominate the Balkan Peninsula, gain control of the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits, and retain access to world trade routes.

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1Up Info > Russo-Turkish Wars (Turkish And Ottoman History) - Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/R/RussoTur.html

1Up Info provides detailed information on this topic. Browse through this article and follow related links for complete research.

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Russo-Turkish Wars - English
URL: http://www.slider.com/enc/46000/Russo-Turkish_Wars.htm

In 1736 war again broke out between the Ottomans and Russia, allied with Austria. The Russians recaptured Azov and won a spectacular success in Moldavia, where General Münnich entered Jassy (1739). However, Austria became alarmed by Russian ambitions in the Balkans and concluded the separate Treaty of Belgrade (1739), in which Russia was forced to join. Russia agreed to demilitarize Azov and not to build a Black Sea fleet.

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Russo-Turkish Wars on Encyclopedia.com 2002 - English
URL: http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/R/RussoT1ur.asp

The great eastward expansion of Russia in the 16th and 17th cent., during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, nevertheless left the shores of the Black Sea in the hands of the Ottoman sultans and their vassals, the khans of Crimea . The Russo-Turkish Wars were the result of Russian attempts to find an outlet on the Black Sea andin later stagesto conquer the Caucasus, dominate the Balkan Peninsula, gain control of the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits, and retain access to world trade routes.

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History of Bosnia - English
URL: http://sadik.net/bosnia/historyofbosnia.htm

The Ottoman Turks invaded Bosnia in 1386, and after many battles it became a Turkish province in 1463. Hum held out longer under rulers who styled themselves herceg ("duke") of St. Sava--a name recalled today in Herzegovina.

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Ottomans: 17th and 18th centuries and Westernization - English
URL: http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman4.html

The western artistic effects were influential on the Ottoman artistic style after the seventeenth century, until which the incessant wars and military campaigns together with the religious effects were the main elements of art. The change in taste or fashion was towards more intimate figure studies and scenes from daily life. Surname's of Sultan's show many scenes from festivities.

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Wikipedia: History of Turkey - English
URL: http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/History_of_Turkey

The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on [Oct. 29]?, 1923, from the Turkish remnants of the Ottoman Empire, with Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) as its first president.

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Turkey: History - English
URL: http://i-cias.com/e.o/turkey_5.htm

This summary starts in 1923, which marked the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and the rise of the new Turkey. For full pre-1923 history, see the articles on Ottoman Empire.

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Libya - English
URL: http://www.africanet.com/africanet/country/libya/home.htm

Libya was part of the Ottoman Turks empire from the middle of the 16th century until 1911, this was the Turks last remaining empire along the North African coast, due to the last minute bid for colonies the Italians took it from them.

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