Sites

Travels of Hsuan-Tsang -- Buddhist Pilgrim of the Seventh Century - English
URL: http://www.silk-road.com/artl/hsuantsang.shtml

Hsuan-tsang or (Xuan Tsang) was born in AD 602. As a child he became already absorbed in the study of the Sacred Books of Chinese literature. While still a boy he was ordained as a Buddhist priest to the Temple of Heavenly Radiance in Hangchow, and soon there after was transferred to the Temple of Great Learning in Chang-an, a community of monks who devoted their lives to the translation of the Sacred Books from India.

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The Silkroad Foundation - English
URL: http://www.silk-road.com/index.html

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This on-line non-credit course introduces the history of cultural and economic exchange across Eurasia for nearly 2000 years, beginning around 200 BCE....

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Ferdinand von Richthofen - German
URL: http://www.dhm.de/ausstellungen/tsingtau/katalog/auf1_4.htm

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Als Ferdinand von Richthofen 1872 nach insgesamt zwölf Jahren ausgedehnter Forschungsreisen im ostasiatischen Raum wieder nach Deutschland zurückkehrte, entstand in der Folge der Veröffentlichung seiner Forschungsergebnisse in der westlichen Welt ein neues und differenziertes Bild von China. Der 1833 in Carlsruhe/Schlesien geborene Richthofen hatte in Breslau und Berlin Geologie studiert und praktische Jahre in Diensten der Geologischen Reichsanstalt Österreichs absolviert. Anregungen zu

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Discoverers Web: Matthijs Quast - English
URL: http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/quast.html

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In the early seventeenth century rumours abounded that two islands could be found in the Pacific east of Japan. These islands were said to be very rich, and were therefore called Rica de Oro (Rich in Gold) and Rica de Plata (Rich in Silver). The VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the Dutch East India Company), urged by one of its merchants in Japan, Willem Versteegen, wanted to try to find these islands.

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Discoverers Web: Mahu and Cordes - English
URL: http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/mahucordes.html

1598-1600: Captain on the expedition of Mahu and Cordes to sail to the Indies through the Straits of Magellan. After crossing the Pacific, Quackernaeck's ship lands on the coast of Japan. Beginning of both the Dutch and the English contacts with Japan.

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Discoverers Web: Odoric of Pordenone - English
URL: http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/odoric.html

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1316-30: Travels to China by way of India, and returns to Italy by land. Probably the first European to visit Lhasa.

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Discoverers Web: Jenkinson - English
URL: http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/jenkinson.html

Jenkinson was an experienced trader, having worked as such in the Levant from 1546 onward. In 1557, after Chancellor's death, Jenkinson became the Muscovy Company's main agent in Moscow. He intended to extend the Muscovy Company's trade beyond Russia. On his first voyage he made an attempt to reach Cathay (China) from Moscow by land.

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The First Englishmen in Bombay: Mumbai/Bombay pages - English
URL: http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/history/travelogue.html

Account of the Voyage of Ralph Fitch, Merchant of London. This part of the account pertains to the year 1583.

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Alexandra David-Néel (France, 1868-1969) - English
URL: http://www.alexandra-david-neel.org/anglais/acca.htm

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1911-1917: Travels through India, Sikkim, Burma, Vietnam, Korea and Japan. 1918: From Beijing, travels to Kumbum, a monastery on the Chinese-Tibetan border, and stays there for more than 3 years, studying Buddhism and translating holy texts. 1921-5: Travels from Kumbum to Lhasa and stays in the city incognito for two months, then returning to India. 1937-45: Lives in China and Tibet.

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Discoverers Web: Niccolo di Conti - English
URL: http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/conti.html

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1414-44: From Syria travels through Baghdad to Hormuz. Visits India, being the first European to enter the Indian interior, Ceylon, the Andaman Islands, Burma, Bengal, Sumatra, Java and possibly China. Via Ciampa (Thailand), Ceylon, India, Arabia, Egypt and the Sinai returns to Italy.

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Antarctic Explorers: Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier - English
URL: http://www.south-pole.com/p0000067.htm

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1738-1739: Explores the southern Indian Ocean, and discovers Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya), believing it to be a cape of the southern continent.

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CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Antonio de Andrada - English
URL: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01468d.htm

The pioneer missionary and explorer of Thibet in the seventeenth century, b. at Oleiros, Portugal, 1580; d. at Goa, 19 March, 1634. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1596. From 1600 to 1624 he was the chief missionary in the Indies. In 1624, after almost incredible hardships he succeeded in penetrating into Thibet. Kindly received by the head sovereign of the country, Andrada returned to Agra for other workers like himself, and on his return to Thibet established a missionary center at Chaparangue.

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Malaspina.com - ABUL HASAN ALI AL-MASU'DI - English
URL: http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/masudit.htm

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Abul Hasan Ali Ibn Husain Ibn Ali Al-Masu'di was a descen- dant of Abdallah Ibn Masu'd, a companion of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). An expert geographer, a physicist and historian, Masu'di was born in the last decade of the 9th century A.D., his exact date of birth being unknown. He was a Mutazilite Arab, who explored distant lands and died at Cairo, in 957 A.D.

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Discoverers Web: The Portuguese in Asia - English
URL: http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/portemp.html

The first voyages to India Around 1300, several European voyagers had travelled to southern Asia and Europe (see The medieval period), but a few decades later, these voyages had ended again (although with a number of exceptions, see for example Niccolo de Conti). During the fifteenth century, the Portuguese started voyages along the African coast (see The coast of Africa). In 1487, these voyages had gone so far that king John felt that the Portuguese might soon sail the Indian Ocean to India.

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Garnier, Marie Joseph Franñois (Explorers, Travelers, And Conquerors) - Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/G/GarnierM.html

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1839–73, French explorer and naval officer, usually known as Francis Garnier. He served (1860–62) against Annam and China, then in the administration of Cochin China. In 1866–68 he accompanied Doudart de Lagrée's expedition through Cambodia, Laos, and Yunnan. The route followed, largely unknown to European geographers, was accurately mapped. On the death of the leader en route, Garnier led the party down the Chang (Yangtze) River to Shanghai.

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Legaspi, Miguel López de (Explorers, Travelers, And Conquerors) - Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/L/LegaspiM.html

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d. 1572, Spanish navigator, conqueror of the Philippines. In 1545 he went to Mexico and was later chosen by the viceroy to head an expedition for the conquest of the Philippines. He sailed in 1563, occupied the Ladrone Islands (the present-day Northern Mariana Islands), and in 1564 reached the Philippines. With tact and ability he took possession of the islands (Cebu in 1565, Luzon in 1570) almost without fighting.

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Filchner, Wilhelm (Explorers, Travelers, And Conquerors) - Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/F/Filchner.html

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1877–1957, German explorer, geophysicist, and travel writer. He led several expeditions to China and Tibet, where he established magnetic stations, and also led the second German Antarctic expedition (1910–12), which discovered Luitpold Land on the southeast coast of Weddell Sea.

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Cunha, Tristio da (Explorers, Travelers, And Conquerors) - Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/C/Cunha-Tr.html

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1460–1514?, Portuguese navigator. His most important voyage was undertaken in 1506, when he set out with 15 ships for India. He discovered three volcanic islands in the S Atlantic, one of which is named for him. After taking Socotra off Arabia, in the hope of establishing control over the Red Sea, he went on to India, while Afonso de Albuquerque, under secret royal orders, detached part of the fleet. On his return to Portugal, Tristão da Cunha carried out a diplomatic mission at the papal court.

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Bonvalot, Pierre Gabriel Édouard (Explorers, Travelers, And Conquerors) - Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/B/Bonvalot.html

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1853–1933, French explorer and author. In 1880–82 he visited central Asia, explored Kohistan, and returned to France by way of Bukhara, the Caspian sea, and the Caucasus. In 1886 he made the first crossing of the Pamirs, from Ferghana to Chitral, India. He crossed Tibet from Lop Nur to Nam Co (1889), traversed Asia from Siberia to Tonkin (1889–90), and led an official mission to Entotto, Ethiopia.

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Ñåìåíîâ-Òÿí-Øàíñêèé Ïåòð Ïåòðîâè÷ - Russian
URL: http://www.zoohall.com.ua/findex.php?page=http://zoohall.com.ua/leftframes/ecolo

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(1827-1914) Äî 1906 ãîäà — Ñåìåíîâ. Ãåîãðàô, ñòàòèñòèê, îáùåñòâåííûé äåÿòåëü, ïî÷åòíûé ÷ëåí Ïåòåðáóðãñêîé ÀÍ (1873).  1856-1857 ãîäàõ èññëåäîâàë Òÿíü-Øàíü, äàë ïåðâóþ ñõåìó åãî îðîãðàôèè è âûñîò-íîé çîíàëüíîñòè. Èíèöèàòîð ðÿäà ýêñïåäèöèé â Öåíòðàëüíóþ Àçèþ.

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