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Claude Bernard - Catholic Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02496c.htm

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Biography.

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Animal Experimentation: the Legacy of Claude Bernard - English
URL: http://www.etsu.edu/philos/faculty/hugh/bernard.htm

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By Hugh LaFollette and Niall Shanks. In 1988 the American Medical Association (AMA) issued a White Paper defending biomedical experimentation on animals. 2 Although they trace the history of animal experimentation to the ancient world, it was the nineteenth century physiologist Claude Bernard who set out the principles of experimental medicine. Claude Bernard continues to be cited by bench scientists who wish to provide a scientific justification of animal experimentation. Nobel Prize winner Sir Peter Medawar lauds Bernard for having offered, "The wisest judgements on scientific method ever made by a working scientist...."

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Áåðíàð (Êëîä, Claude Bernard) - Áðîêãàóç, Åôðîí - Russian
URL: http://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/bro/kga/brokefr/0/556.htm

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Áèîãðàôèÿ.

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Bernard, Claude - Encarta - English
URL: http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/2B/02BE2000.htm?z=1&pg=2&br=1

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French physiologist, regarded as the founder of experimental medicine. Born in Saint-Julien, Bernard received a humanistic education during his youth; he did not take any classes exploring the physical or natural sciences. After leaving school at age 18, he wrote two plays, but the eminent French critic Saint-Marc Girardin, upon reading the second one, suggested to Bernard that he find a different career. In 1834 Bernard enrolled in the Paris School of Medicine, and after a few years he obtained a position at a lab at the Collège de France, where he worked under the French physiologist François Magendie.

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Bernard, Claude - Columbia Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.bartleby.com/65/be/BernardC.html

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French physiologist. He turned from literature to medicine, working in Paris under Magendie and teaching at the Collège de France and at the Sorbonne. One of the great scientific investigators, he is known as the founder of experimental medicine because of his work on digestive processes, especially the discovery of the glycogenic function of the liver and of the action of pancreatic juice, and on the vasomotor mechanism. He wrote An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865, tr. 1927).

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Claude Bernard (1813-1878) - English
URL: http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/tbernard.htm

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Research bibliography, books and links to 1,000 other interdisciplinary entries compiled by Russell McNeil.

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Dr. Claude Bernard - English
URL: http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0009.html

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Claude Bernarde of France, early in life came under the influence of Francois Magendie (1783-1855) who was considered the father of experimental physiology in France. As a student, Bernarde touched on so many areas in physiology that he was characterized by Louis Pasteuras "Physiology Itself." From research on the pancreas, the liver, he moved on to brain lesions with metabolic concomitants. In France he shared with Johanon Frederick Horner (1831-1886)- credit for describing the so called Claude Bernarde Horner Syndrome. He did monumental work on the physiology of smooth muscle.

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Claude Bernard, 1813--1878 - English
URL: http://www.santafe.edu/~shalizi/notebooks/bernard.html

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Bernard's three great claims on posterity are that he was one of the founders of proper, experimental physiology; that he was, if not the first, then one of the first to recognize the importance of the ``internal environment'' of the organism; and that he was an excellent methodologist.

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Claude Bernard: in Catholic Encyclopedia - English
URL: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02497a.htm

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French physiologist, b. 12 July, 1813 at Saint Julien near Villefranche, France; d. at Paris, 10 February, 1878.

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Bernard, Claude (1813-1878) - English
URL: http://www.treasure-troves.com/bios/Bernard.html

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French physiologist who was a pupil and assistant to Magendie. He showed that some digestion occurred in the intestines. He also made important discoveries in chemistry, pharmacology, and neurophysiology. He was a popularizer of science, and synthesized physiological thought by making the cell and cellular tissues the fundamental elements of the organism viewed as a functional whole.

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