MavicaNET - Moss animals (Bryozoa)

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Moss animals (Bryozoa)
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Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory
Pearson Education. [eng]

Invertebrate Zoology: A Laboratory Manual
Phylogenetic descriptions outline and review each phylum before it is studied, helping students understand the relationships and diversity among invertebrates. Simple geological time scales trace the history of phyla with significant fossil records. Etymon for each phylum name helps students understand the meanings of terms. A pronunciation guide is included to help students learn new terminology quickly. [eng]

Introduction to the Bryozoa
Despite the fact that there are about 5000 living species, with several times that number of fossil species, the Bryozoa remain largely unknown to most people. Bryozoans, or "moss animals," are aquatic organisms, living for the most part in colonies of interconnected individuals. A few to many millions of these individuals may form one colony. Some bryozoans encrust rocky surfaces, shells, or algae. Others, like the fossil bryozoans shown here, form lacy or fan-like colonies that in some regions may form an abundant component of limestones. Bryozoan colonies range from millimeters to meters in size, but the individuals that make up the colonies are rarely larger than a millimeter. Colonies may be mistaken for hydroids, corals, or even seaweeds. [eng]

Moss animal - Britannica.com
The bryozoans are a widely distributed, aquatic, invertebrate group of animals whose members form colonies composed of numerous units called zooids (hence the term Polyzoa, which means "many animals"). Until the mid-18th century, bryozoans, like corals, were regarded as plants; hence their name, which means "moss animals." Seventy-five years later, the bryozoans were distinguished from the cnidarians, and the characteristic structure of the zooid was first described. [eng]

North East Atlantic Taxa
Check-lists of marine animal groups in the North East Atlantic including some 15000 species. The check-lists are provided in pdf format. [eng]

Bryozoa
Many bryozoans are gathered in small tuffed colonies attached to objects in shallow seawater. All species are colonial with the individuals being extremly small. [eng]

Bryozoans
This organism is not from outer space, nor is it the result of mutations caused by radioactivity from nuclear power plants; Pectinatella magnifica is a member of the animal phylum Ectoprocta (common names: bryozoans, moss animals), a group with a fossil record extending back to the upper Cambrian (500,000,000 years ago!). [eng]

Neogene Marine Bryozoans
Taxa. References. Contributors. Neogene Marine Biota of Tropical America. [eng]

The Paleobiology Laboratory at IUPUI
Links to research on bryozoans. [eng]

Literaturhökerei Schulz/Wiese
Second hand and antiquarian literature on Geology and Palaeontology: Bryozoa. [deu]

SENCKENBERG FIS - Sektion Marine Evertebraten III
Die Sektion Marine Evertebraten III wurde im Jahre 1999 gegr?ndet. Sie widmet sich vornehmlich dem Studium der Bryozoen (Moostierchen) sowie dem Erhalt und der Erweiterung der Sammlungen rezent-fossiler Bryozoen sowie rezenter Brachiopoden, Phoroniden und Kamptozoen. [deu]

Pearl Harbor Legacy Project - Bryozoa
Classification. [eng]

IBA - palaeobiology and biology of the bryozoa
The Phylum Bryozoa is one of the most diverse and common of the invertebrate animal phyla in the sea, and they can be common and conspicuous in fresh water environments, too. The reason that they are not more widely known is probably because people other than biologists commonly mistake them for corals, seaweeds, and sponges. 'Air fern', the so-called everlasting plant that supposedly absorbs from air all the moisture it needs to live, is commonly dried colonies of the bryozoan Bugula that have been artificially coloured. [eng]

Nonindigenous Bryozoans
Bryozoans (Phylum Bryozoa or Ectoprocta) are colonial, sessile animals that are usually encased in a protective covering with an opening for the animal's protruding tentacles. Each individual is very small and measures only several millimeters in length. They are usually found in marine environments, although some species are found in fresh water. Standard methods of introduction include ship fouling or transportation in ballast water of ocean-going vessels. Potential impacts include competition with native species for suitable substrate and effects on organisms to which they attach. [eng]

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